A gold color metal ankh with red in the top, the cross arms of the ankh consisting of a winged besant. Below the wings, three entwining blue scrolls showing a red reverse, the topmost scroll inscribed "TO SERVE," the middle scroll inscribed "SUPPLY," and the bottom scroll inscribed "SUSTAIN," all in gold letters; the device measures 1 1/4 inches (3.18 cm) overall.
The ankh, an ancient Egyptian symbol of life and subsistence, alludes to the unit's original activities in Egypt, the winged cross arms referring to the previous assignment of the predecessor unit to the U.S. Army Forces, Middle East. The blue color of the scroll represents water and refers to service overseas and the Nile River. The red in the top of the ankh refers to the Meritorious Unit Commendation awarded the organization for its service in Egypt.
The distinctive unit insignia was originally approved for the 378th Quartermaster Battalion on 22 November 1965. It was redesignated for the 378th Supply and Service Battalion on 25 June 1968. The insignia was redesignated effective 16 April 1994, for the 378th Support Battalion with the description and symbolism revised.